«have» como verbo auxiliar: ‘ «have» + «objeto» + «participio de pasado» ‘

(a) I employed someone to clean my car; I had my car cleaned. I got a man to sweep my chimneys; I had my chimneys swept. I had my hair cut; I had cut my hair. Do you have your windows cleaned every month? – I don’t have them cleaned; I clean them myself. He was talking about having central heating put in. Did he have it put in the end? I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment; The house is too small and he is having a room built in; While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car. She got him to dig away the snow, (She paid, persuaded him to dig etc.); She had him dig away the snow. (b) His fruit was stolen before he had a chance to pick it > He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it; Two of his teeth were knocked out in the fight > He had two of his teeth knocked out. The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale. The cat got her tail singed through sitting too near the fire. (The cat’s tail was singed, etc.)

[(a) La construcción de ‘ «have» + «object» + «past participle» ‘ es sinónima de «I employed someone to do something for me,» i.e. en lugar de decir «I employed someone to clean my car,» decimos «I had my car cleaned»; en lugar de decir «I got a man to sweep my chimneys («got» aquí = «paid» «persuaded,» etc.),» decimos «I had my chimneys swept.» El orden ‘ «have» + «object» + «past participle» ‘ hay que observarlo, porque, si no, el significado cambia: «I had my hair cut» / «I had cut my hair.» Cuando el «have» auxiliar es usado de esta forma, forma la negativa y la interrogativa de sus tiempos de presente y de pasado con do; también puede usarse en los tiempos continuos. get puede sustituir a have pero es más coloquial.También puede llevar como objeto la persona encargada de llevar a cabo la acción; have + infinitivo sin «to» puede usarse también de esta forma: «She had him dig away the snow.» Pero la construcción con get es la que se usa en Inglés Britanico. (b) ‘ «have» + «object» + «past participle» ‘ reemplaza en lengua coloquial a un verbo pasivo, particularmente si se refiere a un accidente o desgracia. Mientras que en (a) el sujeto es la persona que encarga la acción, aquí el sujeto es la persona que sufre como resultado de la acción; y el sujeto también puede ser una cosa. get puede reemplazar a have en este giro.]