Los tiempos activos y sus equivalentes pasivos

[A] Tiempo/Forma verbal —– Voz activa —– Voz pasiva

      Presente simple ———– keeps ———–   is kept

      Presente continuo ——— is keeping ——   is being kept

      Pasado simple ————- kept ————-  was kept

      Pasado continuo ———– was keeping —-  was being kept

      Pretérito perfecto ———- has kept ——–  has been kept

      Pretérito pluscuamperfecto-had kept ——–  had been kept

      Futuro ———————- will keep ——–  will be kept

      Condicional —————– would keep —– would be kept

      Condicional perfecto ——- would have kept- would have been kept

      Infinitivo de presente —— to keep ———- to be kept

      Infinitivo de perfecto ——- to have kept —- to have been kept

      Participio de presente/gerundio: keeping —– being kept

      Participio de perfecto ——- having kept —– having been kept

[B] The eggs got (=were) broken ; You’ll get (=be) sacked if you take any more time off. [C] «Someone gave her a bulldog» > She was given a bulldog/A bulldog was given to her. [D.1] Who delayed you? Which team won? ; Something was done. – What was done? ; One of them was sold. – Which of them was sold? ; // [D.2] Activa:   What did they steal? (forma interrogativa) > Pasiva:   What was stolen? (forma afirmativa) ; // [D.3] Activa:   Who painted it? (forma afirmativa) > Pasiva:   Who was it painted by? (forma interrogativa) ; // [D.4] Activa:    When/Where/Why did he paint it? > Pasiva:    When/Where/Why was it painted?

[[B] En lengua coloquial get se usa a veces en lugar de be. [C] En teoría una frase que contenga un objeto directo y un objeto indirecto, como «Someone gave her a bulldog,» podría tener dos formas pasivas: She was given a bulldog/A bulldog was given to her; la primera opción es con mucho la más usual, i.e. el objeto indirecto se convierte usualmente en el sujeto del verbo pasivo. [D.1] Las preguntas acerca de la identidad del sujeto de un verbo activo se expresan usualmente por medio de una oración con forma afirmativa; las preguntas acerca del sujeto de un verbo pasivo se expresan también por medio de una oración afirmativa. [D.2] Verbos interrogativos en preguntas activas acerca del objeto se convierten en verbos afirmativos en preguntas pasivas. [D.3] Inversamente, verbos afirmativos en preguntas activas se convierten en verbos interrogativos en preguntas pasivas. [D.4] Otros tipos de pregunta requieren verbos interrogativos tanto en activa como en pasiva.]

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